Introduction of HTML

 - HTML (stands for Hypertext Markup Language) is a markup language used to create web pages. 

- It is a foundation of any webpages or websites. It is basically just a text file with codes that tells the browser how to display the information.

- Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist who was also the inventor of the World Wide Web, created HTML in the early 1990s. 

- HTML1.0 :   It was the first version of HTML, released in 1991.

- HTML 2.0: was the first standard HTML specification which was published in the year 1995.

- The latest version of HTML is HTML 5.3, released on 28 Jan 2021. 

- Hypertext Markup Language is not a programming language. It is a markup language, which means it is a system for identifying and describing the various elements of a web page document, such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, colors, lists, etc.

- HTML means Hypertext Markup Language, which is a text file.

- It is widely used language on the web for developing web pages and web applications.

- We can also develop a static website by HTML only.

- HTML is a markup language, not a programming language.

- It uses tags enclosed in angle brackets, such as <html> and </html> to define elements on a web page.

- It uses attributes to provide additional information about HTML elements.

- The head section of an HTML document comprises metadata, such as the title and links to style sheets.

- The body section of an HTML document comprises the visible content of the web page.



Important Terminology

HyperText : 

- The term HyperText in HTML simply means “Text within Text”.A text that contains links to other texts is called hypertext. It provides a way to connect two or more web pages with each other in a website.


Markup language: 

-A markup language is a computer language that creates web pages. It uses a set of tags to annotate the information in a document. In the HTML document, tags indicate how content should be displayed.


Web Page : 

- A web page is a simply document commonly written in HTML and interpreted (i.e. read) by a web browser. 

- It can be of static or dynamic type. We can identify by entering an URL. 

- HyperText Markup Language, we can only create a static web page.


Website:

A website is a collection of related one or more web pages that are connected together and organized into a hierarchical structure. We host it on a web server and can access it through the internet using a web browser.


Features of HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

HTML  has emerged over time and has various significant features that allow web developers to make web pages with rich content and functionality.


1. Hypertext links: This feature allows us to create links between web pages so that users can navigate between different web pages with ease.


2. Structural elements: This feature provides a wide range of elements that allow web developers to structure the content of a web page, such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, tables, etc.


3. Media embedding: This feature allows us to embed (i.e. insert) various types of media, such as images, audio, video, and graphics on a web page.


4. Forms: HTML provides a set of form elements that allow us to create input fields, radio buttons, checkboxes, and other form elements that facilitate programmers to submit data.


5. Accessibility features: HTML offers such several features that make web pages accessible to people with disabilities, such as the facility to add alt text to images and to provide decent heading structure.


6. Style and formatting: This feature provides a wide range of attributes and styles. It allows progra mmers to control the appearance of a web page, such as font size, color, symbols, emojis, layout, etc.


7. Scripting language: It facilitates programmers to insert JavaScript code in a web page, which adds interactivity and functionality to a web page or website.


8. Platform: Hypertext markup language is a platform-independent because we can display it on any platform like Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc.

9. Case-insensitive: HTML is a case-insensitive language, meaning we can write tags either in lowercase or uppercase. We recommend you write all tags in lowercase for consistency, better readability, and understanding.


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